Selelekela

Ho tloha ho nts'etsopele ea eona bohareng ba lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, mokhoa oa ho bala oa scintillation o fetohile motheo oa lipatlisiso mafapheng a fisiks ea nyutlelie, biomedical le saense ea tikoloho. Molao-motheo oa mantlha o teng tabeng ea hore likaroloana tse matla tse lokolloang nakong ea ho bola ha li-radionuclide li kopana le mokelikeli oa scintillation, li fetola matla hore e be li-photon tse bonahalang. Lifotone tsena li fetoloa mats'oao a motlakase ke li-photodetectors (mohlala, li-photomultiplier tubes, PMTs), tseo qetellong li hlahlobiloeng ho lekanya palo ea lisebelisoa tsa radioactive.

Le hoja aura ea mekhoa ea ho bala ea metsi scintillation hangata e tsepamisitsoe holim'a detector kapa scintillating liquid ka boeona, scintillation vials, e le lijana tse kenyang sampuli ka ho toba le scintillating liquid, ke ntlha ea bohlokoa e patiloeng e khethollang katleho kapa ho hlōleha ha teko.

Moralo oa linkho tsa scintillation thutong ea hajoale o ntse o tobane le mathata. Morero oa pampiri ena ke ho sekaseka ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng tšusumetso ea ts'ebetso le moralo oa li-vial tsa scintillation ts'ebetsong ea tsona, le ho fa bafuputsi motheo oa theory le tataiso e sebetsang mabapi le ho khetha le ho sebelisa linkho tsa scintillation ka ho sekaseka ts'ebetso, ho ntlafatsa moralo, ho khetha thepa le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso.Ka nako e ts'oanang, e lebelletse mokhoa oa eona oa ntlafatso oa nako e tlang, e fanang ka ts'ehetso bakeng sa ntlafatso e tsoelang pele le katoloso ea ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji ea LSC.

Kakaretso ea Liquid Scintillation Counting Technology

1. Molao-motheo oa Motheo: Precision Chain bakeng sa Phetoho ea Matla

Moko-taba oa ho bala metsi a scintillation ke ts'ebetsong eohle ea ho fetolela matla a ho bola ha radioactive hore e be matšoao a optical ka mokelikeli oa scintillation, 'me ts'ebetso ea eona ea tekheniki e ka aroloa ka ho hlasimolla ha mahlaseli, tlhahiso ea photon, ho ts'oaroa ha mats'oao a mahlo le tlhahlobo ea data.

2. Tlhahlobo ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa theknoloji

• Taolo ea botsitso ea tharollo ea scintillation: qoba hydrolysis (mohlala, ethylene glycol-based scintillation solution e hloka ho eketsa antioxidant BHT) kapa photolysis (tharollo e thehiloeng ho toluene e lokela ho bolokoa hōle le leseli); karolo ea tharollo ea scintillation (mohlala, ethylene glycol system e nang le PPO) e bonolo ho monya likristale ka mocheso o tlase (＜4 ℃), e leng ho tla lebisa ho theoha ka tšohanyetso ho sebetsang hantle ha leseli.

• Ntlafatso ea kutlo ea detector: mekhoa e mecha ea ho lemoha e kang silicon photodiodes e nang le karabelo e pharaletseng ea spectral le lerata le tlaase li loketse ho lemoha letšoao le fokolang la leseli; mefuta e mengata ea li-detector tsa mechine e mengata e ka kopanngoa le ts'ebetso ea matšoao a tšoanang ho matlafatsa lebelo la tlhahlobo e phahameng ea lisebelisoa.

• Sample encapsulation le tlhoekiso: Sample encapsulation and purification: Hermeticity ea scintillation vials e hloka hore helium mass spectrometry e nke sekhahla sa ho lutla se ka tlase ho 1 × 10-⁹ Pa-m³/s, ho thibela oksijene ho kenella ho qala ho senyeha ha oxidative ea scintillation hape. Li-resin tsa phapanyetsano ea ion li ka sebelisoa ho hloekisa ho tlosa li-ion tsa tšepe le ho fokotsa sekhahla sa palo ea bokamorao. Zinc nitrate/potassium ferrocyanide e sebelisoa ho tsepamisa li-radionuclides sebakeng sa pelletized, ho fokotsa molumo oa tharollo le ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea encapsulation.

Theknoloji ea ho bala ea "Liquid scintillation counting" e thusa ho lemoha li-radionuclide tse nang le matla a tlaase ka ho fetola matla a likaroloana tsa mahlaseli hore e be lets'oao le khanyang. Ts'ebetso ea eona e ipapisitse le ntlafatso ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa tekheniki tse joalo ka botsitso ba mokelikeli oa scintillation, kutlo ea detector le encapsulation le tlhoekiso ea sampole. Joalo ka karolo ea mantlha ea sampole encapsulation, scintillation fluid e bapala karolo e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka likhokahanong tsena, 'me moralo oa eona le khetho ea thepa li na le phello ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong e akaretsang ea mahlale a LSC.

Likarolo tsa Motheo le Moralo oa Linkho tsa Scintillation

1. Mesebetsi ea setshelo

• Ho tiisa: Likotlolo tsa scintillation li hloka ho ba le tiiso e ntle haholo ho thibela ho lutla ha likhase tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi ha li ntse li qoba litšila tse kantle ho kena ka har'a vial.

• Ho lumellana: Likotlolo tsa scintillation li hloka ho lumellana le mefuta e mengata ea maro a scintillation ho etsa bonnete ba hore ha li sebetsane le lik'hemik'hale kapa ho holofala 'meleng ha li kopana nako e telele.

2. Khetho ea Lintho

• Khalase: phetisetso e phahameng ho eketsa katleho ea phetisetso ea photon; botsitso bo babatsehang ba lik'hemik'hale, ho hanyetsa kutu, ho loketse mefuta e mengata ea metsi a scintillation; palo e tlase ea bokamorao, e loketseng ho lemoha kutlo e phahameng. Leha ho le joalo, khalase e pshatleha ebile e boima.

• Plastiki: e bobebe ebile e hanyetsana le tšusumetso, ho bonolo ho e sebetsa le ho e tsamaisa. Leha ho le joalo, lipolasetiki tse ling li na le li-radionuclide tsa tlhaho 'me ha li tsitsitse ka lik'hemik'hale 'me li tla itšoara ka maro a scintillation.

• Qetello ea Bokaholimo: Lisebelisoa tse kang silica li koahetsoe leboteng le ka hare la botlolo ho matlafatsa ho bonahatsa leseli le katleho ea phetisetso le ho eketsa tlhahiso ea photon.

3. Ntlafatso ea Sebopeho le Sebopeho

• Moqapi oa ho bula botlolo: Ho bula moqotetsane ho fokotsa phallo ea mokelikeli, ho fokotsa tšitiso ea ho hasanya leseli le ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba matšoao.

• Ho qoba bobebe: botlolo ea 'mala o lefifi kapa koae e ka thibela ho kena-kenana le khanya ea ka ntle, ea fokotsa lerata le ka morao le ho ntlafatsa tekanyo ea lerata-ho-lerata.

• Meetso e meng e ntlafalitsoeng: lijana tsa scintillation tse nang le botlaaseng ba conical kapa meralo e khethehileng ea lebota la ka hare li fokotsa masala a sampole le ho ntlafatsa litekanyetso tsa ho hlaphoheloa; Li-vial tse nyane li loketse tlhahlobo ea sampole e nyane, e ka fokotsang bongata ba tharollo ea scintillation le litšenyehelo tse tlase.

Moralo le khetho ea thepa ea scintillation vials e na le tšusumetso e kholo ts'ebetsong ea bona. Boikutlo ba ho lemoha le ho nepahala ha ho bala ha metsi scintillation ho ka ntlafatsoa haholo ka ho tiisa ho tiisa, ho lumellana, khetho ea thepa, sebopeho le kaho. Nakong e tlang, ka ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse ncha le mahlale a macha, ts'ebetso ea linkho tsa scintillation e tla ntlafatsoa le ho feta ho fana ka tšehetso e matla bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea LSC.

Karolo ea Bohlokoa ea Linkho tsa Scintillation

1. Kutlo e matlafalitsoeng ea ho lemoha

• Mokato o tlase oa lerata: Ho fokotseha ho kenyelletsoa ha litšila tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi ka ho khetha thepa le mekhoa ea ho tiisa, tšebeliso ea khalase ea borosilicate e tlaase ea potasiamo kapa li-plastiki tse hloekileng ho fokotsa litaba tsa radionuclides tsa tlhaho. Ho tiisa kapa mekhoa ea ho tlatsa khase e inert e sebelisoa ho fokotsa ho phatloha ha oksijene le mongobo mokelikeli oa scintillation.

• Matla a phahameng a matla: phetisetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea lebota la botlolo e netefatsa ho ts'oaroa ho hoholo ha leseli la scintillation ke detector.

2. Ho netefatsa botšepehi ba liteko

• Mohlala oa botsitso: ho tiisa nako e telele ho thibela ho senyeha kapa ho senyeha, ho loketseng liteko tsa nako e telele. Moralo oa boleng bo holimo oa cap seal o netefatsa hore lisampole ha li lutle kapa ha li silafatse nakong ea polokelo ea nako e telele kapa lipalangoang.

• Taolo ya ho ipheta: Litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng tsa setshelo li fokotsa liphoso tsa liteko pakeng tsa lihlopha, 'me tšebeliso ea linkho tsa scintillation tsa boholo bo lekanang, sebopeho le thepa e tiisa maemo a tsitsitseng a liteko.

3. Maemo a atolositsoeng a kopo

• Ho lemoha molumo oa micro-volume: Li-Micro scintillation Vials li tšehetsa tlhahlobo e phahameng ea sampole 'me li loketse ho lemoha sampole ea micro-volume, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea reagent le litšenyehelo tsa liteko.

• Ho lumellana ho feteletseng ha maemo: Ho amohela khalase e hanyetsanang le mocheso o phahameng kapa thepa e khethehileng ea polasetiki, e loketse bakeng sa lipatlisiso tse khethehileng tsa tikoloho ea autoclave sterilization kapa polokelo ea mocheso o tlase.

Likotlolo tsa scintillation li ntlafatsa kutlo ea ho lemoha ka lerata le tlase le phetisetso ea matla ho theknoloji ea ho bala scintillation, hape e netefatsa ts'epo ea liteko ka botsitso ba sampole le taolo ea ho ikatisa. Ho feta moo, moralo o monyane le o fetelletseng o tsamaellanang le boemo bo feteletseng o eketsa maemo a ts'ebeliso ea ona, o fana ka tšehetso e matla bakeng sa lipatlisiso mafapheng a fisiks ea nyutlelie, biomedicine le tlhahlobo ea tikoloho. Nakong e tlang, ka ntshetsopele ya mahlale a disebediswa le thekenoloji ya tlhahiso, tshebetso ya dinkho tsa scintillation e tla ntlafatswa le ho feta, ho thea motheo o tiileng bakeng sa popontshwa le katoloso ya tshebediso ya ho bala LSC.

Mehlala e Sebetsang ea Tšebeliso

1. Tšimo ea Biomedical

• Quantification ea radiotracer ho radioimmunoassay: Radioimmunoassay (RIA) ke mokhoa o hlokolosi oa biomolecular o sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea bongata ba lihomone, lithethefatsi le matšoao a hlahala. Li-vial tsa scintillation li sebelisoa ho tšoara li-antigen-antibody complexes tse nang le radiolabele le litharollo tsa scintillation, ho netefatsa hore li-raditracer li fumanoa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ka mokhoa o phahameng oa phetisetso le moralo o tlase oa bokamorao.

2. Tekolo ea polokeho ea matla a nyutlelie

• Latela ho fumanoa ha radioisotopes litšila tsa nyutlelie: Litšila tsa nyutlelie li na le mefuta e mengata ea li-radioisotopes tse hlokang ho hlahlojoa ka nepo ho netefatsa polokeho ea tikoloho. Likotlolo tsa scintillation li sebelisoa ho kenyelletsa likhechana tsa litšila tsa nyutlelie le maro a scintillation bakeng sa ho lemoha radiographic, ho thibela ho lutla ha lisebelisoa tsa radioactive ka thepa e sa bolaeeng ke kutu le litiiso tsa hermetic.

3. Saense ea tikoloho

• Ho latela li-radionuclides ho li-aerosol tsa sepakapaka: Li-radionuclide ho li-aerosol tsa sepakapaka ke matšoao a bohlokoa bakeng sa boithuto ba lits'ebetso tsa sepakapaka le tšilafalo ea tikoloho. Li-vial tsa scintillation li sebelisetsoa ho bokella le ho lemoha li-radionuclide lisampoleng tsa aerosol, ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea lisampole tse sa sebetseng hantle ka moralo oa ho qoba khanya le phetisetso e nepahetseng ea matla.

4. Libaka tse ling tsa kopo

• Tšireletseho ea lijo: Likotlolo tsa scintillation li ka sebelisoa ho bona tšilafalo ea radioactive lijong.

• Geological dating: ho intša ka ho metha li-isotopi tsa radioactive majoeng le liminerale.

• Ho sibolla lithethefatsi: Linkho tsa scintillation li sebelisoa bakeng sa lithuto tsa metabolic kinetic tsa lithethefatsi tse ngotsoeng ka radiolabele.

Linkho tsa scintillation li bontšitse karolo ea tsona e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang mafapheng a kang biomedicine, tlhahlobo ea polokeho ea nyutlelie le saense ea tikoloho. Ka kutloisiso e phahameng, botsitso bo phahameng le meralo e fapaneng, linkho tsa scintillation li fana ka tšehetso e tšepahalang bakeng sa ho lemoha ha radioactivity le ho khothaletsa lipatlisiso le tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji mafapheng a amanang. Nakong e tlang, ka keketseho e tsoelang pele ea litlhoko tsa kopo, li-vial tsa scintillation li tla tsoela pele ho bapala boleng ba tsona bo ikhethang masimong a mangata.

Mathata le Litaelo tsa Ntlafatso

1. Mefokolo e teng

• Khalase e Senyehileng e Lebisa Likotsing Tsa Ts'ebetso: Le hoja libotlolo tsa scintillation tsa khalase li fetoha haholo 'me li tsitsitse lik'hemik'hale, ho fokola ha tsona ho ka lebisa ho lutla ha mohlala kapa tšitiso ea liteko nakong ea lipalangoang le tšebeliso. Sena se ka etsa hore ho be le litšenyehelo tse eketsehileng tsa liteko, haholo-holo litekong tse phahameng kapa tse ikemetseng.

• Plastiki e ka ba le mathata a ho tsofala: Libotlolo tsa polasetiki tsa scintillation ah tšebeliso ea nako e telele kapa ho pepesehela maemo a feteletseng (joalo ka mocheso o phahameng, li-acids tse matla le alkalis) e ka 'na ea tsofala, e leng se bakang ho fokotseha ha thepa ea' mele kapa ho lumellana ha lik'hemik'hale, e leng ho tla fokotsa ho tšepahala le ho ikatisa ha liphello tsa liteko.

• Bothata ba lerata la bokamorao: Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa polasetiki li ka ba le litšila tsa tlhaho tsa radioactive, tse eketsang palo ea bokamorao le ho ama kutloisiso ea lisampole tsa ts'ebetso e tlase.

• Litšenyehelo le litaba tsa tikoloho: Khalase ea boleng bo holimo kapa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa polasetiki li bitsa chelete e ngata, 'me lijana tsa scintillation tse sebelisoang hang-hang li ka ba moroalo tikolohong.

2. Mekhoa e mecha ea theknoloji

• Nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse ncha tse kopantsoeng: Ho kopanya botsitso bo phahameng ba lik'hemik'hale tsa lirafshoa le ho hanyetsa ha lipolasetiki, re hlahisa lisebelisoa tse ncha tse entsoeng ka ceramic tse hanyetsanang le mocheso o phahameng, ho bola le lerata le tlaase, ho li etsa hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa maemo a feteletseng le ho lemoha maikutlo a phahameng. Nts'etsopele ea thepa ea polasetiki e ka senyehang e fokotsa moroalo tikolohong 'me e loketse liteko tse ka lahloang, ho latela mohopolo oa nts'etsopele ea moshoelella.

• Ntlafatso ea theknoloji ea kalafo ea holim'a metsi: ho sebelisa litlolo tse ntlafatsang tsa nanoscale leboteng le ka hare la libotlolo ho ntlafatsa katleho ea phetisetso ea photon. Ntlafatsa le ho feta kutloisiso ea ho lemoha, e loketseng ho lemoha sampole e nyane.

3. Ho ntlafatsa theknoloji ea phekolo ea holim'a metsi

• Theknoloji ea ho roala ka nano: Liaparo tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa nanoscale optically li sebelisoa leboteng le ka hare la lijana tsa scintillation ho ntlafatsa katleho ea phetisetso ea photon. Sena se boetse se eketsa kutloisiso ea ho lemoha 'me se loketse ho fumanoa lisampole.

• Liaparo tse thibelang litšila: Liaparo tse thibelang ho senya li entsoe ho fokotsa masala a sampuli le ho ntlafatsa litekanyetso tsa ho hlaphoheloa bakeng sa lisampole tsa boleng bo phahameng kapa maemo a ho sebelisa hape.

Le hoja libotlolo tsa scintillation li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho theknoloji ea ho bala scintillation ea metsi, li ntse li tobana le mathata a itseng mabapi le thepa ea thepa, polokeho ea ts'ebetso le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho. Ts'ebetso le boholo ba ts'ebeliso ea li-vial tsa scintillation li ka ntlafatsoa haholo ka lipatlisiso likarolong tse fapaneng. Nakong e tlang, ka tsoelo-pele ea mahlale a lintho tse bonahalang le theknoloji ea tlhahiso, linkho tsa scintillation li tla etsa tsoelo-pele e kholo ho nahaneleng, ho tšepahala le ho tšoarella, ho kenya matla a macha nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea ho bala scintillation ea metsi.

Qetello le Outlook

Li-vial tsa scintillation, e le karolo ea mantlha ea theknoloji ea ho bala metsi scintillation (LSC), li bapala karolo e ke keng ea nkela sebaka ho sibolloeng ha radioactivity ka ts'ebeliso e tsoelang pele ea lisebelisoa, meaho le lits'ebetso. Boqapi ba lintho tse bonahalang, ntlafatso ea sebopeho, ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso le lisebelisoa tse ling ke lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tsa ts'ehetso bakeng sa linkho tsa scintillation hore e be theknoloji ea ho bala metsi, e sebelisoang haholo ho biomedicine, tlhahlobo ea polokeho ea matla a nyutlelie, saense ea tikoloho le mafapha a mang.

Ka nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea mahlale a lintho tse bonahalang, theknoloji ea nanotechnology le theknoloji ea boiketsetso, linkho tsa scintillation li tla fihlela ts'ebetso e phahameng, moralo o bohlale le o se nang tikoloho nakong e tlang. Litlhahiso tsena ha li na ho khothaletsa tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea ho bala scintillation ea metsi feela, empa hape li tla fana ka lisebelisoa tse matla le tšehetso bakeng sa lipatlisiso mafapheng a fisiks ea nyutlelie, biomedicine, le saense ea tikoloho. Nakong e tlang, li-vial tsa scintillation li lebelletsoe ho ba karolo ea mantlha e sebetsang hantle, e tšepahalang le e tšoarellang ea theknoloji ea ho lemoha radioactivity.