Sengoliloeng sena se tla shebana le li-vials tsa scintillation, ho lekola lisebelisoa le moralo, ts'ebeliso le ts'ebeliso, phello ea tikoloho le ts'ebetso, boqapi ba theknoloji, polokeho le melaoana ea libotlolo tsa scintillation. Ka ho hlahloba lihlooho tsena, re tla fumana kutloisiso e tebileng ea bohlokoa ba lipatlisiso tsa saense le mosebetsi oa laboratori, le ho hlahloba litsela le liphephetso tsa nakong e tlang bakeng sa nts'etsopele.

Ⅰ. Khetho ea Lintho

• PolyethyleneVS. Khalase: Melemo le Mefokolo Papiso

 ▶Polyethylene

Molemo 

1. E bobebe ebile ha e robehe habonolo, e loketse ho tsamaisoa le ho ts'oaroa.

2. Theko e tlase, tlhahiso e bonolo ho e etsa.

3. Boiketlo bo botle ba lik'hemik'hale, bo ke ke ba itšoara ka lik'hemik'hale tse ngata.

4. E ka sebelisoa bakeng sa disampole tse nang le radioactivity e tlase.

Bothata

1. Lisebelisoa tsa polyethylene li ka baka tšitiso e ka morao ho li-isotopi tse itseng tsa radioactive

2.Opacity e phahameng e etsa hore ho be thata ho shebella sampole.

▶ Khalase

         Molemo

1. Ponaletso e ntle haholo bakeng sa ho shebella disampole habonolo

2. E na le tumellano e ntle le li-isotopi tse ngata tsa radioactive

3. E sebetsa hantle ka lisampole tse nang le radioactivity e phahameng 'me ha e kena-kenane le liphello tsa tekanyo.

Bothata

1. Khalase e senyeha habonolo 'me e hloka ho tšoaroa le ho bolokoa ka hloko.

2. Litšenyehelo tsa lisebelisoa tsa khalase li batla li phahame 'me ha lia tšoanela likhoebo tse nyenyane ho etsa produce ka tekanyo e kgolo.

3. Lisebelisoa tsa khalase li ka 'na tsa qhibiliha kapa tsa holisoa ke lik'hemik'hale tse itseng, tse lebisang tšilafalo.

• MonyetlaAlikopo tsaOmooMlisebelisoa

▶ PlastikiCtse ngata

Ho kopanya melemo ea li-polymers le lisebelisoa tse ling tse matlafatsang (joalo ka fiberglass), e na le bokhoni ba ho nkeha le boemo bo itseng ba nako e telele le pepeneneng.

▶ Thepa e ka senyehang

Bakeng sa disampole kapa maemo a mang a lahloang, lisebelisoa tse senyehang ka tlhaho li ka nkoa li fokotsa tšusumetso e mpe tikolohong.

▶ PolymericMlisebelisoa

Khetha lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa polymer joalo ka polypropylene, polyester, joalo-joalo ho latela litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa ts'ebeliso ho fihlela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa ho se sebetse ha lik'hemik'hale le ho hanyetsa ho bola.

Ho bohlokoa ho rala le ho hlahisa libotlolo tsa scintillation tse nang le ts'ebetso e ntle haholo le ts'epahalo ea polokeho ka ho nahana ka botlalo ka melemo le likotsi tsa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng hammoho le litlhoko tsa maemo a fapaneng a ts'ebeliso, molemong oa ho khetha lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng bakeng sa ho paka mohlala ka laboratoring kapa maemong a mang. .

Ⅱ. Likarolo tsa moralo

• Ho tiisaPtshebetso

(1)Matla a ts'ebetso ea ho tiisa a bohlokoa bakeng sa ho nepahala ha liphetho tsa liteko. Botlolo ea scintillation e tlameha ho khona ho thibela ka nepo ho lutla ha lintho tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi kapa ho kenella ha litšila tse kantle ho sampole ho netefatsa liphetho tse nepahetseng tsa tekanyo.

(2)Tšusumetso ea khetho ea thepa mosebetsing oa ho tiisa.Libotlolo tsa scintillation tse entsoeng ka thepa ea polyethylene hangata li na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho tiisa, empa ho ka ba le tšitiso e ka morao bakeng sa disampole tse phahameng tsa radioactive. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, libotlolo tsa scintillation tse entsoeng ka lisebelisoa tsa khalase li ka fana ka ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho tiisa le ho se sebetse ha lik'hemik'hale, ho etsa hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa disampole tse phahameng tsa radioactive.

(3)Tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa ho tiisa le theknoloji ea ho tiisa. Ntle le khetho ea thepa, theknoloji ea ho tiisa hape ke ntlha ea bohlokoa e amang ts'ebetso ea ho tiisa. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho tiisa e kenyelletsa ho eketsa li-gaskets tsa rabara ka har'a sekoahelo sa botlolo, ho sebelisa li-caps tsa polasetiki, joalo-joalo Mokhoa o loketseng oa ho tiisa o ka khethoa ho latela litlhoko tsa liteko.

• TheItšusumetso eaSize leShape oaScintillationBottles onPracticalAlikopo

(1)Khetho ea boholo e amana le boholo ba sampole ka botlolong ea scintillation.Boholo kapa bokhoni ba botlolo ea scintillation bo lokela ho khethoa ho latela boholo ba sampole e lokelang ho lekanngoa tekong. Bakeng sa liteko tsa saese e nyane ea lisampole, ho khetha botlolo e nyane ea scintillation ho ka boloka litšenyehelo tse sebetsang le tsa sampole, le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea liteko.

(2)Tšusumetso ea sebopeho ho kopanya le ho qhibiliha.Phapang ea sebopeho le tlase ea botlolo ea scintillation e ka boela ea ama liphello tsa ho kopanya le ho qhibiliha pakeng tsa lisampole nakong ea liteko. Ka mohlala, botlolo e chitja e ka ba e loketseng ho kopanya likarabo ka har'a oscillator, ha botlolo e tlase e bataletseng e loketse ho arola pula ka har'a centrifuge.

(3)Lisebelisoa tse nang le sebopeho se ikhethileng. Libotlolo tse ling tse khethehileng tsa scintillation, joalo ka meralo e ka tlase e nang le li-grooves kapa spirals, li ka eketsa sebaka sa ho ikopanya lipakeng tsa sampole le mokelikeli oa scintillation le ho matlafatsa kutlo ea tekanyo.

Ka ho rala ts'ebetso ea ho tiisa, boholo, sebōpeho, le boholo ba botlolo ea scintillation ka mokhoa o utloahalang, litlhoko tsa liteko li ka finyelloa ka tekanyo e kholo ka ho fetisisa, ho netefatsa ho nepahala le ho tšepahala ha liphello tsa liteko.

Ⅲ. Morero le Tšebeliso

•  ScientificRbatla

▶ RadioisotopeMeasurement

(1)Lipatlisiso tsa meriana ea nyutlelie: Li- scintillation flasks li sebelisoa haholo ho lekanya kabo le metabolism ea li-isotopi tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi linthong tse phelang, tse kang ho ajoa le ho monya ha lithethefatsi tse ngotsoeng ka radiolabele. Metabolism le mekhoa ea ho ntša metsi. Litekanyo tsena li bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea mafu, ho lemoha mekhoa ea phekolo, le ho hlahisa meriana e mecha.

(2)Patlisiso ea k'hemistri ea nyutlelie: Litekong tsa k'hemistri ea nyutlelie, li- scintillation flasks li sebelisoa ho lekanya tšebetso le mahloriso a li-isotopi tsa radioactive, e le ho ithuta litšobotsi tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa likarolo tse khanyang, kinetics ea nuclear reaction, le mekhoa ea ho bola ha mahlaseli a kotsi. Sena se bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho utloisisa thepa le liphetoho tsa thepa ea nyutlelie.

▶Dho hlahloba rug-screen

(1)SethethefatsiMkhaello ea phepo e nepahetsengRbatla: Li- scintillation flasks li sebelisetsoa ho lekola tšebelisano ea metabolism le liprotheine tsa lithethefatsi tsa metsoako linthong tse phelang. Sena se thusa

ho lekola metsoako e ka bang teng ea lithethefatsi, ho ntlafatsa moralo oa lithethefatsi, le ho lekola boleng ba litlhare tsa pharmacokinetic.

(2)SethethefatsiAmosebetsiEboleng ba boleng: Libotlolo tsa scintillation li boetse li sebelisoa ho lekola tšebetso ea baeloji le katleho ea lithethefatsi, mohlala, ka ho lekanya kamano e tlamang pakeng tsan Lithethefatsi tse ngotsoeng ka seea-le-moea le limolek'hule tse shebiloeng ho lekola tšebetso e khahlanong le hlahala kapa e thibelang likokoana-hloko ea lithethefatsi.

▶ TšebelisoClintho tse kang DNASequencing

(1)Theknoloji ea Radiolabeling: Lipatlisisong tsa limolek'hule tsa baeloji le genomics, libotlolo tsa scintillation li sebelisoa ho lekanya lisampole tsa DNA kapa RNA tse ngotsoeng ka li-isotopi tsa radioactive. Theknoloji ena ea radioactive labeling e sebelisoa haholo tatellanong ea DNA, hybridization ea RNA, litšebelisano tsa protheine-nucleic acid, le liteko tse ling, e fana ka lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa tšebetso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le tlhahlobo ea mafu.

(2)Nucleic Acid Hybridization Technology: Libotlolo tsa scintillation li boetse li sebelisoa ho lekanya matšoao a radioactive ho nucleic acid hybridization reactions. Litheknoloji tse ngata tse amanang le tsona li sebelisoa ho bona tatelano e khethehileng ea DNA kapa RNA, e thusang genomics le lipatlisiso tse amanang le transcriptomics.

Ka tšebeliso e atileng ea libotlolo tsa scintillation liphuputsong tsa mahlale, sehlahisoa sena se fa basebetsi ba laboratori mokhoa o nepahetseng empa o le bobebe oa ho metha radioactive, e fanang ka ts'ehetso ea bohlokoa bakeng sa lipatlisiso tse ling tsa saense le tsa bongaka.

• IndasteriAlikopo

▶ ThePkotsiIindasteri

(1)BolengClaola kaDsekotiPkemiso: Nakong ea tlhahiso ea lithethefatsi, libotlolo tsa scintillation li sebelisoa bakeng sa qeto ea likarolo tsa lithethefatsi le ho lemoha lisebelisoa tsa mahlaseli a kotsi ho netefatsa hore boleng ba lithethefatsi bo finyella litlhoko tsa litekanyetso. Sena se kenyelletsa ho lekola ts'ebetso, mahloriso le bohloeki ba li-isotopi tsa radioactive, esita le botsitso boo lithethefatsi li ka bo bolokang tlas'a maemo a fapaneng.

(2)Ntlafatso leScreening eaNew Dlimmete: Libotlolo tsa scintillation li sebelisoa molemong oa nts'etsopele ea lithethefatsi ho lekola metabolism, katleho le chefo ea lithethefatsi. Sena se thusa ho lekola litlhare tsa maiketsetso tse ka bang teng le ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa tsona, ho potlakisa lebelo le katleho ea nts'etsopele ea lithethefatsi tse ncha.

▶ Etsa tikolohoMonitoring

(1)RadioactivePtshilafatsoMonitoring: Libotlolo tsa scintillation li sebelisoa haholo ho lekola tikoloho, li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho lekanya mahloriso le ts'ebetso ea litšila tsa radioactive sebopeho sa mobu, tikoloho ea metsi le moea. Sena se bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho hlahloba kabo ea lintho tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi tikolohong, tšilafalo ea nyutlelie Chengdu, ho sireletsa bophelo ba sechaba le polokeho ea thepa, le bophelo bo botle ba tikoloho.

(2)NyutlelieWasteTreatment leMonitoring: Indastering ea matla a nyutlelie, libotlolo tsa scintillation li boetse li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho beha leihlo le ho metha lits'ebetso tsa ho hloekisa litšila tsa nyutlelie. Sena se kenyeletsa ho lekanya tshebetso ya matlakala a radioactive, ho lekola mesi e kgahlang e tswang dibakeng tsa tshwaetso ya matlakala, j.j., ho netefatsa polokeho le boikamahanyo ya tshebetso ya tshwaetso ya matlakala a nyutlelie.

▶ Mehlala eaAlikopo hoOmooFmasimo

(1)GeologicalRbatla: Li- scintillation flasks li sebelisoa haholo lefapheng la jeoloji ho lekanya litaba tsa li-isotopi tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi mafikeng, mobung le liminerale, le ho ithuta histori ea Lefatše ka litekanyo tse nepahetseng. Mekhoa ea jeoloji le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa liminerale

(2) In theField eaFoodIindasteri, libotlolo tsa scintillation li atisa ho sebelisoa ho lekanya litaba tsa lintho tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi lisampoleng tsa lijo tse hlahisoang indastering ea lijo, e le ho lekola litaba tsa polokeho le boleng ba lijo.

(3)MahlaseliTherapy: Libotlolo tsa scintillation li sebelisoa tšimong ea kalafo ea radiation ea bongaka ho lekanya lethal dose ea radiation e hlahisoang ke lisebelisoa tsa kalafo ea radiation, ho netefatsa ho nepahala le polokeho nakong ea ts'ebetso ea kalafo.

Ka lits'ebetso tse pharalletseng mafapheng a fapaneng joalo ka bongaka, tlhahlobo ea tikoloho, jeoloji, lijo, joalo-joalo, libotlolo tsa scintillation ha li fane feela ka mekhoa e sebetsang ea ho lekanya mahlaseli a kotsi bakeng sa indasteri, empa le bakeng sa maemo a bophelo, tikoloho le setso, ho netefatsa bophelo bo botle ba batho le boiketlo ba sechaba le tikoloho. polokeho.

Ⅳ. Tšusumetso ea Tikoloho le Moshoelella

• TlhahisoSletlapa

▶ BoitsebisoSlikhethoCho shebileSts'ebetsong

(1)TheUse eaRka matlafatsoaMlisebelisoa: Ha ho etsoa libotlolo tsa scintillation, lisebelisoa tse ka nchafatsoang joalo ka lipolasetiki tse ka senyehang kapa li-polymers tse ka sebelisoang hape li nkoa e le ho fokotsa ho its'etleha ka lisebelisoa tse fokolang tse ke keng tsa nchafatsoa le ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tsona tikolohong.

(2)Ea peleSlikhetho tsaLkhabonePolutingMlisebelisoa: Ntho e ka sehloohong e lokela ho fanoa ho lisebelisoa tse nang le thepa e tlaase ea carbon bakeng sa tlhahiso le tlhahiso, tse kang ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla le tlhahiso ea tšilafalo ho fokotsa moroalo tikolohong.

(3) Recycling ofMlisebelisoa: Moqaping le tlhahisong ea libotlolo tsa scintillation, ho sebelisoa hape ha thepa ho nkoa e le ho khothaletsa tšebeliso le ho sebelisoa hape, ha ho ntse ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea litšila le litšila tsa lisebelisoa.

▶ TikolohoIpactAtekolo nakongPkemisoProcess

(1)BopheloCycleAtekolo: Etsa tlhahlobo ea potoloho ea bophelo nakong ea tlhahiso ea libotlolo tsa scintillation ho lekola litlamorao tsa tikoloho nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, ho kenyeletsoa tahlehelo ea matla, ho ntšoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše, tšebeliso ea mehloli ea metsi, joalo-joalo, molemong oa ho fokotsa lintlha tse amang tikoloho nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso.

(2) Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Tikoloho: Kenya ts'ebetsong litsamaiso tsa tsamaiso ea tikoloho, joalo ka maemo a ISO 14001 (tekanyetso ea tsamaiso ea tikoloho e tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara e fanang ka moralo bakeng sa mekhatlo ho rala le ho kenya tšebetsong litsamaiso tsa taolo ea tikoloho le ho tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea bona ea tikoloho. hore ba tsoelepele ho nka mehato e matla le e sebetsang ho fokotsa sekhahla sa tšusumetso ea tikoloho), ho theha mehato e sebetsang ea taolo ea tikoloho, ho lekola le ho laola litlamorao tsa tikoloho nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, le ho netefatsa hore ts'ebetso eohle ea tlhahiso e latela litlhoko tse tiileng tsa melaoana ea tikoloho le litekanyetso.

(3) MohlodiCtlhokomelo leEnergyEbofokoliIntlafatso: Ka ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso le mahlale a morao-rao, ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea thepa le matla, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso e ntle ea lisebelisoa le matla, 'me ka hona ho fokotsa tšusumetso e mpe tikolohong le khabone e feteletseng nakong ea tlhahiso.

Ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea libotlolo tsa scintillation, ka ho nahana ka lintlha tsa nts'etsopele ea moshoelella, ho amohela lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ea tikoloho le mehato e loketseng ea taolo ea tlhahiso, phello e mpe tikolohong e ka fokotsoa ka nepo, ho khothaletsa tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea lisebelisoa le nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea tikoloho.

• Sebelisa Mokhahlelo

▶ WasteManagement

(1)E nepahetsengDtlhahiso+ .

(2) KarolelanoRecycling: Hangata libotlolo tsa scintillation li entsoe ka thepa e ka sebelisoang hape, joalo ka khalase kapa polyethylene. Libotlolo tse lahliloeng tsa scintillation le tsona li ka hlophisoa le ho sebelisoa hape bakeng sa tšebeliso e ntle ea lisebelisoa.

(3) E kotsiWasteTreatment: Haeba lintho tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi kapa lintho tse ling tse kotsi li bolokiloe kapa li bolokiloe ka libotlolong tsa scintillation, libotlolo tse lahliloeng tsa scintillation li lokela ho nkoa e le litšila tse kotsi ho latela melao le litataiso tse amehang ho netefatsa polokeho le ho latela melao e amehang.

▶ Ho sebelisoa hape leReuse

(1)Recycling leReprocessing: Libotlolo tsa litšila tsa scintillation li ka sebelisoa hape ka ho li sebelisa hape le ho li lokisa hape. Libotlolo tsa scintillation tse tsosolositsoeng li ka sebetsoa ke lifeme le lisebelisoa tse ikhethileng, 'me lisebelisoa li ka etsoa libotlolo tse ncha tsa scintillation kapa lihlahisoa tse ling tsa polasetiki.

(2)Lintho tse bonahalangReuse: Libotlolo tsa scintillation tse tsosolositsoeng tse hloekileng ka ho feletseng le tse sa silafatsoang ke lintho tse ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi li ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa libotlolo tse ncha tsa scintillation, ha libotlolo tsa scintillation tseo pele li neng li e-na le litšila tse ling tsa mahlaseli a kotsi empa li finyella litekanyetso tsa bohloeki le tse se nang kotsi 'meleng oa motho le tsona li ka sebelisoa. joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa ho etsa lintho tse ling, joalo ka lipene, lijana tsa khalase tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, joalo-joalo, ho fihlela tšebeliso ea thepa hape le ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng ea lisebelisoa.

(3) KhothatsaSts'oarehangCqalo: Khothalletsa basebelisi ho khetha mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea tšebeliso, joalo ka ho khetha libotlolo tsa scintillation tse ka sebelisoang hape, ho qoba tšebeliso ea lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki tse lahloang ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea litšila tsa polasetiki tse lahloang, ho khothaletsa moruo oa selikalikoe le nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng.

Ho laola le ho sebelisa litšila tsa libotlolo tsa scintillation ka mokhoa o utloahalang, ho khothaletsa ho sebelisoa hape le ho sebelisoa hape, ho ka fokotsa tšusumetso e mpe tikolohong le ho khothaletsa tšebeliso e nepahetseng le ho e sebelisa hape.

Ⅴ. Boqapi ba Theknoloji

• Nts'etsopele ea Lintho Tse Ncha

▶ BiodegradableMlintho tse bonahalang

(1)E tsitsitsengMlisebelisoa: Ho arabela litlamorao tse mpe tsa tikoloho tse hlahisitsoeng nakong ea tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa botlolo ea scintillation, nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse ka senyehang ka lebaka la lihlahisoa tse tala e fetohile mokhoa oa bohlokoa. Lisebelisoa tse ka senyehang butle-butle li ka senyeha ho ba lintho tse se nang kotsi ho batho le tikolohong ka mor'a bophelo ba bona ba ts'ebeletso, ho fokotsa tšilafalo tikolohong.

(2)MathataFaced nakongRbatla leDntshetsopele: Lisebelisoa tse senyehang habonolo li ka tobana le mathata mabapi le thepa ea mochini, botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale, le taolo ea litšenyehelo. Ka hona, hoa hlokahala ho tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa foromo le theknoloji ea ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tse tala ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tse senyehang le ho lelefatsa bophelo ba lits'ebeletso tsa lihlahisoa tse hlahisoang ka thepa e ka senyehang.

▶ IbohlaleDmohlala

(1)HoleMonitoring leSensorIkopanyo: ka thuso ea theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea kutlo, ho kopanya lisebelisoa tse bohlale le ho shebella hole Inthaneteng li kopantsoe ho hlokomela ho shebella nako ea sebele, ho bokella lintlha le ho fumana boitsebiso bo hole ba mehlala ea maemo a tikoloho. Motsoako ona o bohlale o ntlafatsa ka katleho boemo ba boiketsetso ba liteko, mme basebetsi ba mahlale le ba theknoloji le bona ba ka lekola ts'ebetso ea liteko le liphetho tsa data tsa nako ea nnete nako efe kapa efe le kae kapa kae ka lisebelisoa tsa mehala kapa sethala sa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso, ho tenyetseha ha mesebetsi ea liteko, le ho nepahala. ea liphetho tsa liteko.

(2)LintlhaAnalysis leFeedback: Ho ipapisitsoe le lintlha tse bokelletsoeng ke lisebelisoa tse bohlale, hlahisa li-algorithms le mehlala e bohlale, 'me u etse ts'ebetso ea nako ea nnete le tlhahlobo ea data. Ka ho sekaseka lintlha tsa liteko ka bohlale, bafuputsi ba ka fumana liphetho tsa liteko ka nako, ba etsa liphetoho tse lumellanang le maikutlo, 'me ba potlakisa tsoelo-pele ea lipatlisiso.

Ka nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse ncha le ho kopanngoa le moralo o bohlale, libotlolo tsa scintillation li na le 'maraka o pharaletseng oa ts'ebeliso le mesebetsi, li ntse li tsoela pele ho khothaletsa boiketsetso, bohlale le nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea mosebetsi oa laboratori.

• Automation leDigitization

▶ E itirileSlekanengProcessing

(1)Automation eaSlekanengProcessingProcess: Ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea libotlolo tsa scintillation le ts'ebetso ea lisampole, lisebelisoa tsa othomathike le litsamaiso li hlahisoa, joalo ka li-automation sampuli loaders, li-workstations tsa mokelikeli, joalo-joalo, ho fihlela othomathike oa ts'ebetso ea sampole. Lisebelisoa tsena tsa othomathike li ka felisa ts'ebetso e khathatsang ea ho kenya lisampole ka letsoho, ho qhibiliha, ho kopanya le ho hlapolla, molemong oa ho ntlafatsa katleho ea liteko le ho tsitsa ha data ea liteko.

(2)Ka ho iketsaSho phahamisaStsamaiso: e nang le mokhoa o itekanetseng oa ho etsa lisampole, e ka finyella ho bokella le ho sebetsa ha lisampole ka mokhoa o itekanetseng, ka hona ho fokotsa liphoso tsa ts'ebetso ea matsoho le ho ntlafatsa lebelo la ho sebetsa le ho nepahala. Sistimi ena ea lisampole ea othomathike e ka sebelisoa mefuteng e fapaneng ea sampole le maemo a liteko, joalo ka tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale, lipatlisiso tsa baeloji, jj.

▶ LintlhaMtsamaiso leAnalysis

(1)Digitization ea Boitsebiso ba Teko: Kenya polokelo le taolo ea data ea liteko, 'me u thehe sistimi e kopaneng ea taolo ea data ea dijithale. Ka ho sebelisa Setsi sa Tsamaiso ea Boitsebiso ba Laboratori (LIMS) kapa software ea liteko ea taolo ea data, ho rekota ka boiketsetso, ho boloka, le ho khutlisa data ea liteko ho ka fihlelleha, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso le ts'ireletso ea data.

(2)Tšebeliso ea Lisebelisoa tsa Tlhahlobo ea Lintlha: Sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba lintlha le li-algorithms tse kang ho ithuta ka mochine, bohlale ba maiketsetso, joalo-joalo ho etsa merafo e tebileng le ho hlahloba lintlha tsa liteko. Lisebelisoa tsena tsa ho hlahloba lintlha li ka thusa bafuputsi ho hlahloba le ho fumana kamano le kamehla pakeng tsa lintlha tse fapa-fapaneng, ho ntša tlhahisoleseding ea bohlokoa e patiloeng pakeng tsa data, e le hore bafuputsi ba ka fana ka maikutlo a bona 'me qetellong ba fihlele liphello tsa ho nahana.

(3)Pono ea Liphetho tsa Teko: Ka ho sebelisa theknoloji ea pono ea data, liphetho tsa liteko li ka hlahisoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ka lichate, litšoantšo, joalo-joalo, kahoo li thusa bahlahlobi ho utloisisa le ho sekaseka moelelo le mekhoa ea data ea liteko kapele. Sena se thusa bafuputsi ba mahlale ho utloisisa liphetho tsa liteko hantle le ho etsa liqeto le litokiso tse lumellanang.

Ka ts'ebetso e ikemetseng ea disampole le taolo le tlhahlobo ea data ea dijithale, mosebetsi o sebetsang hantle, o bohlale, le o thehiloeng tlhahisoleseling o ka fihlelleha, ho ntlafatsa boleng le ts'epahalo ea liteko, le ho khothaletsa tsoelopele le popontshwa ea lipatlisiso tsa mahlale.

Ⅵ. Tšireletso le Melao

• RadioactiveMlintho tse bonahalangHleling

▶ E bolokehileOperationGuide

(1)Thuto le Koetliso: Fana ka thuto le koetliso ea polokeho e sebetsang le e hlokahalang bakeng sa mosebeletsi e mong le e mong oa laboratori, ho kenyeletsoa, ​​​​empa ho sa felle feela ka mekhoa e bolokehileng ea ts'ebetso ea ho beha lisebelisoa tsa radioactive, mehato ea ho arabela maemong a tšohanyetso ha ho hlaha likotsi, mokhatlo oa polokeho le tlhokomelo ea lisebelisoa tsa laboratori tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, joalo-joalo. ho etsa bonnete ba hore basebetsi le ba bang baa utloisisa, ba tloaelane le bona, 'me ba latela ka tieo litaelo tsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso ea laboratori.

(2)Motho ka mongPe sireletsangEquipment: Hlomella lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso tse nepahetseng ka laboratoring, joalo ka liaparo tsa ts'ireletso tsa laboratori, liatlana, likhalase, joalo-joalo, ho sireletsa basebetsi ba laboratori khahlanong le kotsi e ka bakoang ke lisebelisoa tsa mahlaseli.

(3)E lumellanaOperatingPmekhoa: Theha mekhoa le lits'ebetso tsa liteko tse emeng le tse tiileng, ho kenyeletsoa ho tšoara sampole, mekhoa ea litekanyo, ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa, joalo-joalo, ho netefatsa ts'ebeliso e bolokehileng le e lumellanang le ts'ebetso e bolokehileng ea lisebelisoa tse nang le litšobotsi tsa radioactive.

▶ LitšilaDtlhahisoRmelaoana

(1)Ho Hlophisa le ho Ngola: Ho ea ka melao e amehang ea laboratori, melaoana, le mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea liteko, lisebelisuoa tsa mahlaseli a kotsi li aroloa le ho ngoloa ho hlakisa boemo ba tsona ba radioactivity le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso, e le ho fana ka tšireletso ea bophelo bakeng sa basebetsi ba laboratori le ba bang.

(2)Polokelo ea Nakoana: Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa sampole tsa radioactive tse ka bakang litšila, mehato e loketseng ea ho boloka le ho e boloka ea nakoana e lokela ho nkuoa ho latela litšoaneleho tsa tsona le boemo ba kotsi. Mehato e khethehileng ea ts'ireletso e lokela ho nkuoa bakeng sa lisampole tsa laboratori ho thibela ho lutla ha lisebelisoa tsa radioactive le ho netefatsa hore ha li bake kotsi tikolohong le ho basebetsi.

(3)Ho Lahla Litšila ho Sireletsehile: Tšoara ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le ho lahla lisebelisoa tsa radioactive tse lahliloeng ho latela melao le maemo a loketseng a laboratori ea ho lahla litšila. Sena se ka kenyelletsa ho romela thepa e lahliloeng litsing tse khethehileng tsa ho hloekisa litšila kapa libakeng tse tla lahloa, kapa ho boloka le ho lahla litšila tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi.

Ka ho latela ka tieo melaoana ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso ea laboratori le mekhoa ea ho lahla litšila, basebetsi ba laboratori le tikoloho ea tlhaho ba ka sireletsoa ka mokhoa o fetisisang ho tsoa tšilafalong ea mahlaseli a kotsi, 'me polokeho le tumellano ea mosebetsi oa laboratori li ka netefatsoa.

• LlaboratorySafety

▶ E loketseRmelaoana leLlaboratorySlitekanyetso

(1)Melawana ea Taolo ea Mahlaseli: Lilaboratori li lokela ho latela ka thata-thata mekhoa le litekanyetso tse amehang tsa naha le tsa libaka tsa taolo ea thepa ea radioactive, ho kenyeletsoa empa e sa felle feela ho melaoana ea theko, tšebeliso, polokelo le ho lahla lisampole tsa radioactive.

(2)Melao ea Tsamaiso ea Ts'ireletso ea Laboratori: Ho ipapisitsoe le mofuta le boholo ba laboratori, theha le ho kenya ts'ebetsong litsamaiso tsa polokeho le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso e tsamaellanang le melaoana ea taolo ea polokeho ea laboratori ea naha le ea tikoloho, ho netefatsa polokeho le bophelo bo botle ba 'mele ba basebetsi ba laboratori.

(3) Lik'hemik'haleRiskManagementRmelaoana: Haeba laboratoring e kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi, melaoana e amehang ea tsamaiso ea lik'hemik'hale le litekanyetso tsa ts'ebeliso li lokela ho lateloa ka thata, ho kenyeletsoa litlhoko tsa theko, polokelo, tšebeliso e utloahalang le e molaong, le mekhoa ea ho lahla lik'hemik'hale.

▶ KotsiAtekolo leManagement

(1)Ka mehlaRiskItlhahlobo leRiskAtekoloPmekhoa: Pele o etsa liteko tsa kotsi, likotsi tse fapaneng tse ka bang teng methating ea pele, e bohareng le ea morao ea teko li lokela ho hlahlojoa, ho kenyelletsa le likotsi tse amanang le lisampole tsa lik'hemik'hale ka botsona, lisebelisoa tsa radioactive, likotsi tsa baeloji, joalo-joalo, molemong oa ho tseba le ho nka. mehato e hlokahalang ho fokotsa likotsi. Tekolo ea kotsi le tlhahlobo ea polokeho ea laboratori li lokela ho etsoa khafetsa ho tseba le ho rarolla likotsi le mathata a ka bang teng le a pepesitsoeng, ho nchafatsa mekhoa e hlokahalang ea taolo ea polokeho le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea liteko ka nako, le ho ntlafatsa boemo ba polokeho ea mosebetsi oa laboratori.

(2)KotsiManagementMlikhahla: Ho ipapisitsoe le liphetho tsa khafetsa tsa tlhahlobo ea kotsi, nts'etsapele, ntlafatsa le ho kenya ts'ebetsong mehato e tsamaellanang ea taolo ea likotsi, ho kenyelletsa le ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso, mekhoa ea moea ea laboratori, mehato ea taolo ea ts'ohanyetso ea laboratori, merero ea karabelo ea likotsi, joalo-joalo, ho netefatsa polokeho le botsitso nakong ea ts'ireletso. mokhoa oa teko.

Ka ho latela ka tieo melao e amehang, melaoana, le litekanyetso tsa phihlello ea laboratori, ho etsa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea likotsi le taolo ea laboratori, hammoho le ho fana ka thuto le koetliso ea polokeho ho basebetsi ba laboratori, re ka netefatsa polokeho le tumellano ea mosebetsi oa laboratori ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang. , sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba basebetsi ba laboratori, le ho fokotsa kapa hona ho qoba tšilafalo ea tikoloho.

Ⅶ. Qetello

Lilaboratoring kapa libakeng tse ling tse hlokang ts'ireletso e tiileng ea sampole, libotlolo tsa scintillation ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoahali, 'me bohlokoa ba tsona le ho se tšoane ha bona litekong ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa.e iponahatsant. Joalo ka e 'ngoe eaka sehloohongLikotlolo tsa ho metha li-isotopes tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi, libotlolo tsa scintillation li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa lipatlisisong tsa saense, indasteri ea meriana, tlhokomelo ea tikoloho le likarolo tse ling. Ho tsoa ho radioactivetekanyo ea isotope ho hlahloba lithethefatsi, ho latela DNA le linyeoe tse ling tsa kopo,ho feto-fetoha ha libotlolo tsa scintillation ho etsa hore e be e 'ngoe ealisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa ka laboratoring.

Leha ho le joalo, ho tlameha ho hlokomeloe hore botsitso le polokeho li bohlokoa ts'ebelisong ea libotlolo tsa scintillation. Ho tloha ho khetho ea thepa ho ea ho moralolitšoaneleho, hammoho le menahano ea tlhahiso, tšebeliso, le mekhoa ea ho lahla, re lokela ho ela hloko lisebelisoa tse sireletsang tikoloho le mekhoa ea tlhahiso, hammoho le litekanyetso tsa ts'ebetso e sireletsehileng le tsamaiso ea litšila. Ke feela ka ho netefatsa ts'ebetso le polokeho moo re ka sebelisang ka botlalo karolo e sebetsang ea libotlolo tsa scintillation, ha re ntse re sireletsa tikoloho le ho sireletsa bophelo ba batho.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, nts'etsopele ea libotlolo tsa scintillation e tobana le mathata le menyetla. Ka tsoelopele e tsoelang pele ea mahlale le theknoloji, re ka bona esale pele nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse ncha, ts'ebeliso ea moralo o bohlale likarolong tse fapaneng, le ho ata ha automation le digitization, tse tla ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea libotlolo tsa scintillation. Leha ho le joalo, re boetse re hloka ho tobana le liphephetso mabapi le ts'ebetso le polokeho, joalo ka nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse senyehang habonolo, nts'etsopele, ntlafatso le ts'ebetsong ea litataiso tsa ts'ebetso ea polokeho. Ke feela ka ho hlōla le ho arabela ka mafolofolo liphephetsong re ka finyellang tsoelo-pele e tsitsitseng ea libotlolo tsa scintillation lipatlisisong tsa saense le likopo tsa indasteri, le ho kenya letsoho ho feta tsoelo-pele ea sechaba.