Selelekela

Likotlolo tsa scintillation li tšoara matšoao a khanya a hlahisoang ke ho tsosoa ha likaroloana tsa mahlaseli a kotsi ka lisebelisoa tsa fluorescent, molao-motheo oa motheo oa ho sebelisana ha mahlaseli a ionizing le lintho. Ho tloha bohareng ba lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, e bile setsi sa mantlha sa fisiks ea nyutlelie, lipatlisiso tsa bongaka le tsa tikoloho ka lebaka la kutlo e phahameng ea bona le boikhethelo. Ka tloaelo, ba 'nile ba kenngoa ka lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng ka laboratoring bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea boleng le palo ea radioisotopes.

Linkho tsa pele tsa scintillation li ne li lekanyelitsoe ka boholo ba tsona, ho rarahana le litšenyehelo tse phahameng, 'me li sebelisoa haholo-holo lilaboratoring tse khethehileng.Leha ho le joalo, lilemong tsa morao tjena, nts'etsopele ea li-detectors tse nyenyane tsa semiconductor, tsoelo-pele ea thepa e ncha ea scintillator, le ho kopanngoa ha babali ba nkehang habobebe ho ntlafalitse haholo ts'ebetso ea ho lemoha le ho khoneha.

Melao-motheo ea Motheo ea Tekheniki ea Linkho tsa Scintillation

1. Mekhoa e metle ea ho sebetsa

Tšebelisano ea thepa ea fluorescent le lisebelisoa tsa radioactive: Ha lisebelisoa tsa radioactive (mohlala, mahlaseli a alpha, beta kapa a gamma) li kena ka har'a linkho tsa scintillation, li kopana le thepa ea fluorescent (scintillator) ka hare ho vial. Tšebelisano ena e fella ka ho tsosoa ha limolek'hule kapa liathomo ka thepa ea fluorescent le ho lokolloa ha photon nakong ea de-excitation, ho hlahisa letšoao la leseli le bonahalang.

Lisebelisoa tsa ho bala: PMT (Photomultiplier Tube) ke sesebelisoa se nang le kutloelo-bohloko haholo se khonang ho fetola mats'oao a leseli a fokolang hore e be mats'oao a motlakase, a matlafatsoang le ho feta ke potoloho ea amplifier hore qetellong e hlahise mats'oao a motlakase a lekantsoeng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-photodetectors tsa silicon ke mofuta oa photodetector o thehiloeng ho theknoloji ea semiconductor, e khonang ho fetola ka ho toba matšoao a optical ka lipontšo tsa motlakase ka katleho e phahameng ea quantum le lerata le tlaase.

2. Matšoao a bohlokoa a ts'ebetso

Ts'ebetso ea li-vials tsa scintillation e lekantsoe ka lintlha tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa:

Sensitivity (Moeli oa ho lemoha): Sensitivity ke ts'ebetso e tlase ka ho fetisisa e ka bonoang ke linkho tsa scintillation. Ha kutlo e phahame, e theola khatello ea mahlaseli a kotsi a ka bonoang Europe. Sensitivity e angoa ke katleho ea luminescence ea thepa ea fluorescent, katleho ea quantum ea photodetector le boemo ba lerata ba tsamaiso.

Qeto ea matla: Tharollo ea matla ke bokhoni ba linkho tsa scintillation ho khetholla pakeng tsa likaroloana tsa radioactive tsa matla a fapaneng. Ha qeto e phahame, likaroloana tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi tse fapaneng tsa matla a fapaneng li ka tsejoa le ho khetholloa. Qeto ea matla e itšetlehile haholo ka thepa ea luminescent ea thepa ea fluorescent, ts'ebetso ea photodetector, le boleng ba potoloho ea ts'ebetso ea matšoao.

Botsitso: Ho tsitsa ho bolela bokhoni ba li-vial tsa scintillation ho boloka ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ka nako e telele. Li-vial tse tsitsitseng tsa scintillation li khona ho boloka liphello tse tsitsitseng tlas'a maemo a fapaneng a tikoloho. Botsitso bo angoa ke botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale tsa thepa ea fluorescent, litšobotsi tsa botsofali tsa photodetector, le maemo a tikoloho (mohlala, mocheso, mongobo).

Ho lumellana ha Lintho: Linkho tsa scintillation li hloka ho lumellana le mefuta e fapaneng ea lisampole, ho kenyeletsoa lisampole tsa metsi, tse tiileng le tsa khase. Ho lumellana ha lintho ho itšetlehile ka thepa ea scintillation vials (mohlala, khalase kapa polasetiki) hammoho le k'hemistri ea thepa ea fluorescent. Mefuta e fapaneng ea sampole e ka hloka meralo e fapaneng ea vial ea scintillation le khetho ea thepa.

Molao-motheo oa mantlha oa linkho tsa scintillation o ipapisitse le tšebelisano ea lisebelisoa tsa fluorescent le lintho tse nang le radioactive, tse lekantsoeng ka ho fetolela mats'oao a mahlo hore e be mats'oao a motlakase ka li-photomultiplier tube Shanghai silicon photodetectors. Lipontšo tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebetso li kenyelletsa kutlo, tharollo ea matla, botsitso le ho lumellana ha thepa, tseo hammoho li khethollang bokhoni ba ho lemoha le ho sebetsa ha linkho tsa scintillation.

Likopo tse fapaneng tse tsoang ho Laboratori ho ea ho Tlhokomelo ea Tikoloho

Likotlolo tsa scintillation, e le sesebelisoa se sebetsang hantle haholo sa ho lemoha mahlaseli a kotsi, li sebelisoa haholo mafapheng a fapaneng, ho tloha ho lipatlisiso tsa laboratori tsa motheo ho ea ho tlhokomelo ea tikoloho, ho ea ho liindasteri le lits'ebetso tsa ts'ireletso, esita le ho fetela libakeng tse sa tšoaneng tse hlahang.

1. Patlisiso ea motheo ea laboratori

Tlhahlobo ea Nuclide: E sebelisoa bakeng sa qeto ea palo ea li-isotopi tsa alpha, beta le gamma ray tse kang tritium (H-3) le carbon-14 (C-14). E sebelisoa ho lekanya ka nepo tšebetso ea li-radioisotopes mafapheng a joalo ka fisiks ea nyutlelie le ho ratana ha jeoloji.

Lithuto tsa metabolism ea lithethefatsi: Ho latela mekhoa ea metabolism le ho ajoa ha lithethefatsi linthong tse phelang ka metsoako e ngotsoeng ka radiolabele (mohlala, lithethefatsi tse ngotsoeng ka C-14). E sebelisoa lithutong tsa pharmacology le toxicology ho lekola ho monya, kabo, metabolism le excretion (ADME) ea lithethefatsi.

Teko ea polokeho ea lijo: ho hlahlojoa ka potlako bakeng sa litšila tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi lijong; se sebedisoang ho netefatsa polokeho ya dijo ka mora dikotsi tsa nyutlelie kapa dibakeng tse phahameng tsa mahlaseli.

2. Sebaka sa tlhokomelo ea tikoloho

Tlhokomelo ea libaka tsa metsi: Ho fumanoa ha li-radionuclides metsing a nooang le metsi a litšila a indasteri ho sebelisoa ho lekola tekanyo ea tšilafalo ea libaka tsa metsi le ho netefatsa hore boleng ba metsi bo finyella litekanyetso tsa tšireletso.

Mobu le sepakapaka: Ho sala morao ho ata ha radioactive fallout ka mora kotsi ya nyutlelie, ho lekola maemo a radionuclide mobung le sepakapakeng, le ho lekola ho fola ha tikoloho.

Mehlala ea baeloji: Sekaseka pokello ea litšepe tse boima kapa lintho tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi liseleng tsa limela le liphoofolo. E sebelisoa lithutong tsa ecotoxicology ho lekola phello ea tšilafalo ea radioactive tikolohong.

3. Likopo tsa indasteri le polokeho

Teko e sa senyeheng: ho lekola ho lutla ha lisebelisoa tsa radioactive lisebelisoa tsa indasteri. E sebelisoa lifemeng tsa matla a nyutlelie, lik'hemik'hale tsa petrochemical, joalo-joalo, bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea polokeho ea thepa le botšepehi.

Tšireletso ea mahlaseli: e sebelisoa e le molekane oa li-dosimeter tsa motho ho lekola lethal dose la mahlaseli le amoheloang ke basebetsi. Litsing tsa nyutlelie, mafapha a radiology a sepetlele le libakeng tse ling ho netefatsa polokeho ea mahlaseli.

Karabelo ea Tšohanyetso: bakeng sa tekolo e potlakileng ya maemo a mahlaseli ha ho hlaha kotsi ya nyutlelie kapa ho dutla ha thepa ya radioactive. E sebelisetsoa ho shebella mahlaseli a kotsi le ho tšehetsa liqeto tsa tšohanyetso libakeng tsa likoluoa.

4. Libaka tse hlahellang tse tšelang

Bongaka ba bophelo: Tiisetso ea radiolabeling bakeng sa kalafo ea mofets'e ho netefatsa sepheo sa lithethefatsi le katleho. Ka kalafo ea radioisotope, ho latela kabo ea lithethefatsi le metabolism.

Lintho tsa tlhaho: ho ithuta phello ea synergistic ea nanoparticles ho sibolloeng ha radioactivity ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea ho lemoha le katleho. Theha lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa nano-scintillator bakeng sa ho sibolla radioactivity e nepahetseng haholo.

Ho hlahloba sebaka: bakeng sa ho lemoha mahlaseli a cosmic le ho ithuta litlamorao tsa tikoloho ea mahlaseli a sepaka-pakeng ho lifofa-sebakeng le bonohe ba linaleli. Lekola ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tse sireletsang mahlaseli a sefofane ho netefatsa polokeho ea mesebetsi ea sebaka.

Ts'ebeliso e fapaneng ea linkho tsa scintillation li akaretsa maemo a fapaneng ho tloha ho lipatlisiso tsa laboratori tsa mantlha ho isa ho tlhokomelo ea tikoloho, lits'ebetso tsa indasteri le polokeho, le libaka tse hlahang tse fapaneng. Kutloelo-bohloko ea bona e phahameng, ho nepahala le ho lumellana ho li etsa sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lemoha mahlaseli a kotsi, ho bapala karolo e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka lipatlisisong tsa saense, tšireletso ea tikoloho, polokeho ea indasteri le nts'etsopele ea theknoloji e hlahang.

Boqapi ba Theknoloji bo Tsamaisa Mesebetsi e Mengata

Multifunctional scintillation vials e ke ke ea reroa le ho ntlafatsoa ntle le ts'ebetso ea ntlafatso ea theknoloji, haholo ho saense ea lintho tse bonahalang, ntlafatso e bohlale le maemo le katleho ea tšehetso ea taolo.

1. Lisebelisuoa tse atlehileng tsa saense

Lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa scintillator: thallium-doped cesium iodide, lutetium-based scintillators, scintillator organic, nano-scintillators, joalo-joalo, e ka ntlafatsang kutloisiso, ho fokotsa meeli ea ho lemoha, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla, ho lelefatsa bophelo ba lisebelisoa, ho matlafatsa botsitso ba thepa, le ho ikamahanya le maemo a rarahaneng (mohlala, mocheso o phahameng, mongobo o phahameng).

2. Ho ntlafatsa ka bohlale

Li-algorithms tsa bohlale ba maiketsetso ho thusa tlhahlobong ea data: Li-algorithms tsa ho ithuta ka mochini li sebelisoa ho khetholla mefuta ea li-nuclide ka bo eona, ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala le katleho ea tlhahlobo ea data. Ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mats'oao ka mekhoa e tebileng ea ho ithuta ho fokotsa tšitiso ea lerata, ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala ha ho lemoha, le ho fihlela tlhahlobo e potlakileng le palo ea lisampole tse tsoakiloeng tsa li-nuclide tse ngata.

Cloud platform le theknoloji ea IoT: theha sethala sa ho arolelana data ka nako ea nnete ho hlokomela marang-rang a lefats'e a ho lekola radioactivity. Ts'ehetsa tlhokomelo e kholo ea tikoloho le karabelo ea tšohanyetso ka ho beha leihlo ka thoko le tlhahlobo ea data, le ho fana ka lisebelisoa tsa pono ea data ho thusa baetsi ba liqeto ho utloisisa kabo ea mahlaseli le mekhoa e potlakileng.

(Melemo: Ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea data le ho fokotsa ho kenella ha batho; hlokomela tlhokomeliso e hole le temoso ea nako ea nnete, le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho arabela maemong a tšohanyetso; ho khothaletsa tšebelisano ea lefats'e le ho arolelana lintlha, le ho khothaletsa lipatlisiso tsa mahlale le nts'etsopele ea mahlale.)

Boqapi ba thekenoloji ke sesosa sa mantlha sa ts'ebetso e mengata ea li-vial tsa scintillation. Katleho ea mahlale a lintho tse bonahalang le lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa scintillator li ntlafalitse haholo ts'ebetso ea ho lemoha; lintlafatso tse bohlale li entse hore tlhahlobo ea data e sebetse hantle le ho nepahala. Dintlafatso tsena ha di atolose maemo a tshebediso ya dinkho tsa scintillation feela, empa di boetse di kgothalletsa ntshetsopele ya kakaretso ya thekenoloji ya ho lemoha ha radioactivity, e fana ka tshehetso e matla bakeng sa dipatlisiso tsa saense, tshireletso ya tikoloho le polokeho ya nyutlelie.

Mathata le Litharollo

Likotlolo tsa scintillation li tobane le liqholotso tse ngata ts'ebelisong e atileng, ho kenyelletsa le litaba tsa litšenyehelo, ho rarahana ha ts'ebetso, le sampole ea kalafo esale pele. E le ho arabela litabeng tsena, indasteri e hlahisitse litharollo tse fapa-fapaneng ho khanna tsoelo-pele e eketsehileng le ho tsebahala ha theknoloji.

1. Litaba tse teng

High cost: Litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa R&D bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse nyane le lisebelisoa tse sebetsang hantle li fokotsa phallo e kholo. Lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo tse hlokolosi haholo li theko e boima 'me ho thata ho li kenyelletsa libakeng tse nang le lisebelisoa tse fokolang kapa lilaboratori tse nyane le tse mahareng.

Ho rarahana ha ts'ebetso: Thepa ea ho lemoha ka mahlaseli hangata e hloka basebetsi ba khethehileng ho sebetsa le ho hlokomela, ho eketsa moeli oa tšebeliso. Mekhoa e rarahaneng ea ho sebetsana le lisampole le tlhahlobo ea data e beha litlhoko tse phahameng tsa tekheniki ho basebetsi bao e seng basebetsi.

Mehlala ea lithibelo pele ho kalafo: Mehlala e meng (mohlala, mobu, lisele tsa baeloji) e hloka phekolo e rarahaneng le e rarahaneng (mohlala, ho qhibiliha, ho sefa, ho tsepamisa mohopolo), e leng se eketsang nako ea teko le litšenyehelo. Mehato ea pele ho kalafo e ka hlahisa liphoso tse ka amang ho nepahala ha liphetho tsa liteko.

2. Mekhoa ea ho arabela

Miniaturization le nts'etsopele ea sensor e theko e tlase: Nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse nyane, tse nkehang tsa tlhahlobo ka theknoloji e kopaneng ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea matla. Lekola lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa scintillator tse theko e tlase le li-photodetectors ho nka sebaka sa lisebelisoa tse turang tsa setso. Rala lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo hore e be sebopeho sa modular ho thusa tlhokomelo le ntlafatso, le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebeliso ea nako e telele.

Moralo oa sebopeho se bonolo sa mosebelisi le ts'ebetso ea othomathiki ea ts'ebetso: Theha likhokahano tse hlakileng tsa basebelisi tse fanang ka tataiso ea ts'ebetso le maikutlo a nako ea nnete ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso habonolo. Ho kopanngoa ha lisampole tse ikemetseng le mesebetsi ea tlhahlobo ea data ho fokotsa ho kenella ka letsoho le ho ntlafatsa katleho ea liteko. E sebelisa theknoloji ea mahlale a maiketsetso ho fana ka likeletso tsa ts'ebetso le ho rarolla mathata ho thusa bao e seng litsebi ho qala kapele.

Lintlafatso tse kopaneng tsa theknoloji ea pele ho ts'ebetso: nts'etsopele ea litlhahlobo tse sa hlokeng ts'ebetso e rarahaneng (mohlala, tekanyo e tobileng ea lisampole tse tiileng kapa tse nang le khase), ho nolofatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso. Ho kopanngoa ha mehlala ea mehato ea pele ho phekolo ho lisebelisoa tsa ho lemoha bakeng sa ho lemoha ho kopantsoeng. Theha mekhoa e metle ea kalafo ea sampole (mohlala, tšilo ea lijo ka microwave, ho ntšoa ka ultrasonic) ho khutsufatsa nako ea kalafo pele ho kalafo.

Leha linkho tsa scintillation li tobana le liphephetso lits'ebetsong tse joalo ka litšenyehelo, ho rarahana ha ts'ebetso le sampole ea kalafo ea pele, litaba tsena li ntse li rarolloa hanyane ka hanyane le nts'etsopele ea li-sensor e theko e tlase, meralo e bonolo ea morali'abo rona, le mekhoa e mecha e kopaneng ea mahlale a pele ho kalafo. Mekhoa ena ea ho sebetsana le boemo ha e fokotse feela moeli oa thekenoloji, empa hape e ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho lemoha le ho nepahala. Nakong e tlang, ka tsoelo-pele e eketsehileng ea theknoloji, li-vial tsa scintillation li tla bapala karolo ea bohlokoa libakeng tse nepahetseng haholoanyane.

Maikutlo a Bokamoso

Likotlolo tsa scintillation, e le sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa sa ho lemoha mahlaseli a kotsi, li tla tlisa menyetla e mecha ea nts'etsopele ho latela mekhoa e mecha ea theknoloji le bokhoni ba ts'ebeliso nakong e tlang.

1. Mekhoa ea theknoloji

Ho fumanoa ka mekhoa e mengata: Theha lisebelisoa tse kopanyang li-sensor tsa lik'hemik'hale le mesebetsi ea ho lemoha mahlaseli a kotsi ho finyella ho lemoha ka nako e le 'ngoe lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale le li-radionuclides ka lisampole. Ho atolosa mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso ka theknoloji ea tlhahlobo ea multimodal bakeng sa ho lekola tikoloho, polokeho ea lijo le lits'ebetso tsa biomedical.

2. Monyetla oa kopo

Tlhokomelo ea leqhoa la Polar maemong a phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo lefatšeng ka bophara: ho ithuta ka phello ea phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo holim'a ho qhibiliha ha leqhoa le lipalangoang tse silafatsang ka ho lemoha li-radionuclide libakeng tsa leqhoa tsa polar. Ka ho sebelisa boitsebiso ba ho lemoha ha radionuclide, phello ea phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo lefatšeng ka bophara tikolohong ea polar e tla hlahlojoa, ho fana ka motheo oa saense bakeng sa maano a tšireletso ea tikoloho.

Tšehetso ea moruo oa selikalikoe ntlafatsong ea moshoelella ea matla a nyutlelie: Ho ntshetsapele dithekenoloji tsa ho lemoha tse utlwahalang haholo bakeng sa tekanyo e nepahetseng le taolo ya di-radionuclide matlakala a nyutlelie ho tshehetsa ho sebediswa hape ha matlakala a nyutlelie. Tekolo ya nako ya nnete ya kabo le kgatello ya dintho tse radioactive nakong ya saekele ya mafura a nyutlelie e netefatsa polokeho le botsitso ba tshebediso ya eneji ya nyutlelie.

Nakong e tlang, li-vial tsa scintillation li tla ntlafatsa bokhoni ba tsona ba ho lemoha le boholo ba ts'ebeliso, tse tsamaisoang ke mekhoa ea theknoloji e kang ho lemoha mekhoa e mengata. Ho sa le joalo, mabapi le menyetla ea ts'ebeliso e joalo ka tlhahlobo ea leqhoa la polar le nts'etsopele ea moshoelella ea matla a nyutlelie, linkho tsa scintillation li tla fana ka ts'ehetso ea bohlokoa bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa lefats'e tsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le moruo oa selikalikoe oa matla a nyutlelie. Ka tsoelopele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji, linkho tsa scintillation li tla bapala karolo ea bohlokoa mafapheng a mangata le ho kenya letsoho haholo lipatlisisong tsa mahlale le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho.

Qetello

The scintillation Vials, e le sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa sa tlhahlobo ea radiographic, butle-butle e fetohile ho tloha qalong ea eona e bonolo e le sesebelisoa se le seng sa laboratori ho ea ho karolo ea bohlokoa ea lisebelisoa masimong a mangata.

Nts'etsopele ea linkho tsa scintillation li bonts'a matla a ts'ebetso ea theknoloji le tšebelisano-'moho ea likarolo tse fapaneng tsa thuto, 'me phetoho ho tloha sesebelisoa se le seng sa laboratori ho ea ho sekhechana sa bohlokoa sa lisebelisoa mafapheng a mangata e totobatsa bohlokoa ba eona ba bohlokoa lipatlisisong tsa mahlale le lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang. Nakong e tlang, ka likatleho tse ling tsa theknoloji le katoloso e tsoelang pele ea maemo a ts'ebeliso, linkho tsa scintillation li tla bapala karolo ea bohlokoa le ho feta polokehong ea lefats'e ea nyutlelie, taolong ea tikoloho le nts'etsopele ea moshoelella.